Further reading

The Fillmore and its neighborhood

• SFMTA's A View of Jazz History describes the Fillmore's club scene and redevelopment's effects on its jazz culture.
• Wikipedia's Fillmore District article outlines the neighborhood's changing population, geography and jazz history.
• FoundSF's Western Addition: A Basic History places Bop City within a broader account of changing blocks in the Fillmore.
• FoundSF's Harlem of the West discusses the Fillmore as a center of Black musical creativity and the cultural losses associated with redevelopment.
• FoundSF's Black Jazz Clubs Before WWII discusses Black-owned clubs and the ragtime and dance traditions that preceded the wartime jazz scene.
• FoundSF's WWII In-migration & Rising Bigotry describes Black workers' wartime arrival in the Fillmore and the housing discrimination they encountered.
• FoundSF's The Fillmore: A Jewish Neighborhood describes Jewish families' move into the district after the earthquake, its synagogues and businesses, and the later move away.

Japantown

• Wikipedia's Japantown article places the neighborhood in the Western Addition and describes its community's relocation after the earthquake.
• Wikipedia's Japanese people in San Francisco article traces the local Japanese community through immigration and its move into the Western Addition.
• FoundSF's Nihonjin-Machi describes the Japanese quarter South of Market and the community's move to the Western Addition after the earthquake and fire.
• FoundSF's Japanese Internment describes Japanese Americans' forced removal from San Francisco and the loss of homes and belongings.
• The National Archives' page on Japanese-American incarceration presents the government order and explains the forced removal that led to incarceration.

Redevelopment

• Wikipedia's Western Addition article explains changing definitions of the district and the effects of urban renewal on its neighborhood boundaries.
• FoundSF's Moving Victorians in the Fillmore describes houses moved during redevelopment, including the building that had housed Bop City.
• Wikipedia's San Francisco Redevelopment Agency article describes the agency's housing demolition and its partial replacement with new housing.
• FoundSF's Fillmore Redevelopment discusses planning arguments that identified the Western Addition as a site for urban renewal.
• Wikipedia's urban-renewal article sets neighborhood clearing and construction in a wider history of urban policy and displacement.

Clubs and venues

• Wikipedia's Bop City article describes the club's late-night performances and the later relocation of the Victorian house that held it.
• Wikipedia's Fillmore article follows the hall through dance and skating uses into its history of musical bookings.
• Wikipedia's Charles Sullivan biography identifies Sullivan as the Black concert promoter who created San Francisco's Fillmore Auditorium.
• Wikipedia's Black Hawk article describes a small-group jazz setting in the Tenderloin and live recordings made at the club.
• Wikipedia's Jazz Workshop article lists live recordings made at the North Beach jazz club.
• Wikipedia's hungry i article describes the North Beach nightclub and its place in stand-up comedy history.
• Wikipedia's Keystone Korner article describes the North Beach jazz club and the live recordings made there.
• FoundSF's Rexroth on Night Clubs and Jazz presents Kenneth Rexroth's critique of nightclub conditions for musicians and listeners.

Musicians

• Wikipedia's Dave Brubeck biography describes the pianist and composer's use of contrasting rhythms and the blending of classical music, jazz and blues.
• Wikipedia's Paul Desmond biography describes the alto saxophonist and composer's work with the Dave Brubeck Quartet and his composition “Take Five.”
• Wikipedia's Vince Guaraldi biography connects the pianist's early trio work with Cal Tjader, Eddie Duran and the hungry i.
• Wikipedia's Cal Tjader biography describes the vibraphonist's work in Latin music and small-group modern jazz.
• Wikipedia's John Handy biography describes the saxophonist's group-leading, Monterey performance recording and music teaching.
• Wikipedia's Pony Poindexter biography follows the saxophonist through Oakland musical study, work with Vernon Alley and international performing.
• Wikipedia's Vernon Alley biography describes the bassist's San Francisco ensemble and his continuing work in local radio and civic arts.
• Wikipedia's Saunders King biography describes the guitarist and singer and the early electric-blues recording “S.K. Blues.”
• Wikipedia's Eddie Duran biography describes the San Francisco guitarist's recording relationship with Vince Guaraldi and his ensemble work.
• Wikipedia's Jon Jang biography describes the pianist and composer's combination of jazz and Asian music and his social-justice subjects.
• Wikipedia's Francis Wong biography describes the saxophonist's combination of free jazz and Asian music and his place in Asian American jazz.
• Wikipedia's Mark Izu biography describes the bassist and composer's use of Asian musical traditions and his role in the original Asian American Jazz Festival.

Styles

• Wikipedia's jazz article introduces the music's origins, musical characteristics and the development of different styles.
• Wikipedia's swing article describes dance-oriented jazz with improvised solos set within band arrangements.
• Wikipedia's bebop article describes intricate harmony, fast tempos and the relationship of a tune to improvised solos.
• Wikipedia's cool-jazz article describes lighter tone, relaxed tempos, formal arrangements and elements of classical music.
• Wikipedia's hard-bop article describes an extension of bebop drawing on rhythm and blues, gospel and blues.
• Wikipedia's West Coast jazz article describes a composition-oriented approach associated with Los Angeles and San Francisco while noting other regional jazz styles.

Art, design and photography

• Wikipedia's Billy Strayhorn biography describes the composer, pianist and arranger's collaboration with Duke Ellington and lists “Lush Life” among his works.
• Wikipedia's “Lush Life” article describes Billy Strayhorn's standard and its melodic, harmonic and lyrical structure.
• Wikipedia's Herman Leonard biography describes the photographer's jazz work in clubs and its use on record jackets.
• Wikipedia's William Claxton biography describes the photographer's jazz portraits and the photographic book Jazzlife.
• Wikipedia's Francis Wolff biography describes the photographer and record producer's work at Blue Note and his photographs during recording sessions.
• Wikipedia's David Johnson biography describes the photographer's work documenting urban life and the Fillmore's jazz culture.
• Wikipedia's Blue Note Records article describes the label's musical history and album-cover work involving Reid Miles and Francis Wolff.
• Wikipedia's Reid Miles biography describes the designer's Blue Note album-cover work and his use of photographs from recording sessions.

Film

• Wikipedia's soundie article describes short films of musical performance and their viewing through coin-operated projection machines.
• Wikipedia's Jammin' the Blues article describes the short film's musicians and its evocation of nightclub jam sessions.
• Wikipedia's St. Louis Blues article describes the Bessie Smith short as her only known film and a dramatization of the song.
• Wikipedia's Jazz on a Summer's Day article describes the concert film's mixture of festival performances, audiences and waterside scenes.
• Wikipedia's Jazz miniseries article describes Ken Burns's documentary approach to musical and American history.

Honors and collections

• Wikipedia's Museum of Performance + Design article describes Bay Area performing-arts holdings including papers, designs, recordings, photographs and other objects.
• Wikipedia's oral-history article explains planned interviews as a method for recording participants' memories, experiences and perspectives.
• The National Endowment for the Arts' NEA Jazz Masters Fellowship page describes the national jazz honor and its recognition of exceptional contributions to the music.
• Wikipedia's Jazz Appreciation Month article describes the observance's focus on jazz as living music and history, including educational activity.

Musicians' health

• NIDCD's noise-induced hearing-loss account covers hearing mechanisms, noise exposure and the agency's public-health guidance.
• NIDCD's tinnitus account covers the perception of sound and the range of tinnitus sounds.
• MedlinePlus's hand-conditions page introduces hand problems, with terminology distinguishing injuries, tendon disorders and nerve compression.
• MedlinePlus's tendinitis page introduces tendon anatomy, tendon swelling and the terminology used for the condition.
• MedlinePlus's occupational-health page lists categories of work-related problems, including repetitive-motion and hearing concerns.
• The PubMed record for the classical-musician musculoskeletal review describes work on incidence and prevalence and the methodological limits on combining study findings.
• The PubMed record for the musicians' hearing-loss scoping review summarizes audiometric studies and a conclusion that the available data cannot establish definitive or lifetime prevalence.
• The PubMed record for the professional-brass-player survey describes a cross-sectional questionnaire study of self-reported embouchure disorders, fatigue and cramping.